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Unit versus 

Cooperative and Representative 

Control 



An extension of the principle of Representative Government 
into the field of Educational Administration 



H:" Ev MILES, Racine, Wisconsin 

President Wisconsin State Board of Industrial Education 



National Education Association 
Division of Superintendence 
Kansas City, Mo., March 1, 
1917 



Comparison — Unit Control 

City System — Usual Type 



GENERAL BOARD OF EDUCATION 



X X 

Comm. Comm. 

Finance Teachers 

' I 



X 

Comm'. 
Bldgs. 



X 

Comm. 
Pension 



X 

Comm. 
Repairs 

I 



Manual Training Committee 



Power vested in 
several committees. 



No Comprehen- 
sive Direction 



X 

Comm. 
9 



Grade Man'l Tr'g. | High School Man'I Tr'g. | 



No Contract with Vocations or Working People 

Only for those fortunate enough to remain in school 



General Board usually large and heterogeneous in personnel, composed 
mostly of men inexperienced in the Vocations of Commerce and Industry. 



Importance of Local Board 

Initiative, inception and administration emanate from the 
cities to the state, making the character of local boards 
especially important. 

A State Board is essentially a clearing house of information. 
It must be similarly constructed to act helpfully. The impor- 
tance of the personnel of local boards is often too little 
emphasized. 

Comparison is made on this and the following page of 
the inefficient usual type and the new representative type. 



D, Of D. 
MAR 9 1917 



Comparison — Representative Control 

City System — New Type 



GENERAL BOARD OF EDUCATION 



X ■ — CommiLtces 



Board of Vocational Education 



Two From Labor Supt. of Schools Two Employers 



Full power to act with full com- 
munity contact. Chosen by the 
general- board from its own mem- 



bers or at large with special refer- 
ence to its experience and voca- 
cational contact. 



Director 



Vocational Schools 



All Da. 



Man'l Train'g 



Part Time 



In School In Shop Sunday | Evening 



LOCAL BOARD, REPRESENTATIVE CONTROL 



State Law: There shall be in all cities of over 5,000 inhabitants a board of 
vocational education consisting of the superintendent of schools, two em- 
ployers and two employees— appointed BY THE CITY BOARD OF EDU- 
CATION. 

■This board shall establish, foster, and maintain schools for instruction in 
trades and industries, commerce and household arts in part-time day, all-day 
and evening classes, subject to the rules and regulations of the State Board 
of Vocational Education. 



Lf-S?"^ ^^ CONGRESS 



7 ( 



State Plan for the Administratiox.®.?^^ 774 
Vocational Education 

Representative Control 





Education 


State Supt- of Schools 




Rx-ofTicio 
Labor 


Representative of Education or other state interest 




Representative of Education or other state interest 
e. g. State Industrial Commission • 

1 


State Law 






Three year 
Term 

Capital 


3 




Appointed by the Governor 


■ 


o 


Three year 
Term 


3 



Appointed by the Governor 



STATE BOARD OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

State Law: There is hereby created a state board of vocational educa- 
tion to be appointed by the Governor. This board shall consist of six ap- 
pointive members, three of whom shall be skilled employees, and three of 
whom shall be employers of labor. The state superintendent of education 
and two others representative of educational or other state interests shall be 
ex-ofhcio members of this board. Each appointive member shall hold office 
for three years. In the first appointments the governor shall designate three 
members to serve for two years and three members to serve for three years 
from the first day of July of the year in which the appointments are made. 
All appointments thereafter shall be for three years except appointments to 
fill vacancies, which shall be for the unexpired portion of the term. 

Said board: 1. Shall have control over all state aid. 2. shall meet quar- 
terly and at such other times as may be necessary. 3. shall report biennially. 
4. may employ assistants for the development and supervision of the work 
of vocational education. 5. shall elect its own chairman. 6, shall establish 
rules and regulations for the conduct of the schools and approve the work 
done. 



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